The Importance of Archaeology and the Need for Its Preservation

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Written by: Khwaja Kabir Ahmad

The identity of a civilization is determined by its history and culture. To understand the progress of human society and the process of historical evolution, archaeology holds immense significance. These archaeological remains not only provide us with a glimpse into the past but also serve as evidence of a nation’s identity, traditions, lifestyle, architectural styles, customs, and intellectual advancements. In every developed country, historical heritage is highly valued, and special laws, departments, and measures are established to protect it.

However, in Pakistan-administered Jammu and Kashmir, there is a lack of attention toward archaeological sites and historical buildings, leading to the gradual deterioration of this priceless heritage. Land mafias, corruption, and official negligence are causing irreparable damage to these invaluable assets.

Archaeological remains serve as irrefutable evidence of a nation’s identity and historical continuity. These are not just old buildings, forts, inns, or rest houses; they narrate the stories of past eras. Historical structures inform us about the way people lived in the past, their social, cultural, and religious lifestyles, their architectural techniques, and the scientific and technical expertise they employed to build astonishing structures and cities.

When we examine archaeological sites, we realize that these structures not only possess historical value but also showcase outstanding examples of scientific, artistic, and technical skills. Through these, we can preserve history and connect future generations to their cultural roots.

Unfortunately, in Pakistan-administered Jammu and Kashmir, historical heritage is under severe threat due to illegal encroachments, unregulated construction, governmental neglect, environmental changes, mismanagement, and public apathy. Illegal occupations on historical buildings are rampant, and in some cases, their original beauty is deliberately destroyed to facilitate encroachments.

For instance, the historical Baoli (water spring) and Sarai (rest house) in Hajira city are clear examples of the encroachment mafia’s onslaught, indicating the state authorities’ failure to fulfill their responsibilities. A place once used by travelers for rest is now covered by illegal constructions, with sewage lines contaminating the natural spring, leading to the systematic destruction of this historical heritage. This act is not only illegal and unethical but also an attack on our national and historical identity.

Immediate and serious measures are required to preserve historical heritage. The government must enforce stricter laws for heritage protection and ensure their strict implementation. Immediate action should be taken against illegal occupiers, and historical buildings should be restored.

Pakistan-administered Jammu and Kashmir is home to numerous archaeological sites that reflect various civilizations and cultures of different eras.

In Neelum Valley, the ruins of the ancient Sharda University still exist. This university was once a center of knowledge and wisdom, offering education in various subjects and serving as a hub for trade and cultural exchanges with Central Asian civilizations.In Muzaffarabad, there are two historical forts built in the seventeenth century. Unfortunately, these forts suffered severe damage in the 2005 earthquake, and they have yet to be fully restored.In Bagh district, the Bagh Sarai is a historical rest house from the Mughal era, once used as a travelers’ inn. It reflects Mughal architecture and remains an attraction for tourists.Near Mangla Dam, Ramkot Fort is an ancient Hindu Shahi fort, known for its distinctive architectural features.In Sudhnoti district, Dogra-era forts built in the nineteenth century in Pallandri and Kotli showcase military strategies and architectural craftsmanship of that period.In Hajira, the ancient Sarai and Baoli were once essential for travelers and the local community but are now under threat due to illegal encroachments.In Rawalakot, a historic Gurudwara stands in a dilapidated state.

These archaeological sites reflect the history, culture, and architectural heritage of Jammu and Kashmir. Preserving and restoring them would not only safeguard our history but also promote tourism and contribute to the local economy.

The Department of Archaeology in Pakistan-administered Jammu and Kashmir needs to be more active and well-equipped with resources. This department should not only be responsible for the maintenance of historical buildings but also adopt modern scientific methods for their preservation.

Raising public awareness is crucial for protecting historical monuments. If people understand the significance of their history, they will play a role in preserving these heritage sites. Special lectures on archaeology should be held in schools, colleges, and universities. The government should restore historical buildings and convert them into tourist destinations. This will not only facilitate their preservation but also generate economic benefits.

Involving local communities in the preservation of historical heritage is essential. They should be made responsible for safeguarding these sites and made aware that these structures are not just buildings but part of their history and culture.

Archaeological sites are the identity of a nation and a reflection of its history. They are not just old buildings but living evidence of our ancestors’ hard work, culture, and architectural expertise. If we fail to protect our history and culture, future generations will be disconnected from their roots, and our national heritage will be lost forever.

Therefore, it is imperative that the government, civil society, judiciary, and the public work together to protect these historical sites. Specifically, the Baoli and Sarai in Hajira should be immediately freed from illegal occupation and restored to their original state. This effort will not only establish the rule of law but also revive our national pride and cultural identity.